A is for amputation which is way too common in those with diabetes.
Diabetes can cause amputations primarily due to the development of a condition called peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral neuropathy.
- Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Diabetes can lead to the narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This process affects the peripheral arteries that supply blood to the legs and feet. As a result, the blood flow to the lower limbs is compromised, leading to poor circulation. Inadequate blood supply hampers the body’s ability to heal wounds and fight infections, increasing the risk of complications.
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Diabetes can also damage the nerves, particularly the peripheral nerves that control sensation in the extremities. Peripheral neuropathy can result in a loss of feeling, pain, or abnormal sensations in the legs and feet. When sensation is diminished or absent, individuals may not notice injuries, cuts, or ulcers on their feet. The lack of awareness of these issues can delay or prevent timely medical intervention, leading to infections and complications.
The combination of reduced blood flow and impaired sensation significantly increases the risk of foot ulcers, infections, and non-healing wounds in people with diabetes. When foot ulcers or wounds occur, the compromised blood flow and nerve damage can hinder the healing process, making it difficult for the body to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. If the ulcers progress and become severe, they can lead to tissue death (gangrene) or deep infections, which may necessitate amputation to prevent the spread of infection to other parts of the body.
It’s important to note that not all people with diabetes will develop foot complications leading to amputation. Effective management of diabetes is essential in reducing the risk. Proper blood sugar control, regular foot care, wearing appropriate footwear, and seeking prompt medical attention for any foot issues can significantly lower the likelihood of amputations.
Diabetic individuals should receive regular foot examinations from healthcare professionals, such as podiatrists or foot specialists, to monitor and address any potential complications early on. Implementing preventive measures and maintaining overall diabetes management can help mitigate the risk of foot-related complications and subsequent amputations.